Tuesday, February 18, 2025

Algis Budrys: "A writer of fiction is by definition incapable of reading it."

I disagree with Algis Budrys on one point, here: I find Shakespeare (along with other Elizabethan / Jacobean dramatists) much easier and much more fun to read, because they had passion, energy, imagery and metaphors of a type I rarely find in "mass market" fiction. But otherwise, I know exactly what he means.


"While the writing of fiction is usually a cerebral process, the reading of it is not. While a number of readers have the capacity and sometimes the inclination to appreciate the well-turned phrase, few have the patience to take delight in a series of them over sixty thousand consecutive words. Many people quote from Shakespeare. Fewer have read him except under compulsion.

"The most popular writers are semiliterate. Quib me no quibbles -- certainly there are literate works of fiction that have enjoyed audiences of millions -- over the tens and hundreds of years. The overnight success of the masses, however, is invariably written as though the author regarded the language as an impediment. And that is precisely so. Language, in any form, interferes between the reader and the writer's concept.

"It remains for the mass-successful author only to restrict himself to concepts that have already been half-communicated for him by the ambient popular mood. After that the purpose of his language is to deliver the recognition signal and get out of the way -- to travel no graceful paths, to cling to every rut of popular grammar, to be completely unobtrusive -- except, perhaps, to a teacher or a critic....

"A writer of fiction is by definition incapable of reading it. He does something else; he decodes the words on the paper, examines the structure of narrative which results from their arrangement and transposes this into an appreciation, much like Patton visiting Waterloo. Prosaists dig poetry, however -- and movies; better yet, music or photography. Writers have forgotten what it's like to pick up a book and just let the story envelop them. There is no being carried fully away, as there is in the concert hall or the Odeon. It's a recognized price one pays, but perhaps its full extent is not appreciated by all those who pay it. For except for the rich, uninhibited few who fantasize directly onto paper as Ian Fleming and Edgar Rice Burroughs did, writers as they go along tend more and more to feel that good writing is writing on which a high degree of rationality has been expended -- most often, visibly expended -- and that any writing they do that has not received this benefit is the less, in direct proportion."

-- Algis Budrys, "Bookshelf," in GALAXY, November 1971.

Friday, February 14, 2025

THE EDGE OF RUNNING WATER, by William Sloane. Filmed as THE DEVIL COMMANDS.

Click for a better jpeg.

In 1986, I read William Sloane's THE CRAFT OF WRITING, a small book that made a big change in how I thought about fiction. My own stories improved substantially afterwards, and for this reason, I owe a debt to William Sloane that I could never repay.

For this reason, I wanted to love THE EDGE OF RUNNING WATER. I wanted to find echoes and reflections of the good advice he had offered in THE CRAFT OF WRITING. I wanted to find a book that I could praise.

What I found, instead, was a tediously padded waste of time that made me want to bash my head against the wall.

This book begins with a hint of cosmic horror:

"A year ago it would have seemed to me ridiculous to assume that there are some facts it is better not to know, and even today I do not believe in the bliss of ignorance or the folly of knowledge. But this one thing is best left untouched. It rips the fabric of human existence from throat to hem and leaves us naked to a wind as cold as the space between the stars."

Yet the book also hints right away that it will find no reason to tell its tale with urgency or energy. The protagonist arrives by train. He takes a long taxi trip to a distant house. He talks at length with one person. He talks at length with a second person. He talks at length with a third. Then he takes a swim. Then he has lunch. Then he talks at length again, and again, and again.

Every now and then, Sloane reveals a skill with prose:

"I watched the flash and lift of her arm as it came out of the water, and the arc of ripples that pushed along in front of her bathing cap. The sun caught the wet rubber and made a point of fire on it. I found myself matching my strokes to hers, so that we were swimming beside each other in the same rhythm, sliding through the water like parts of a single entity. The patch of fire on her cap held my eyes until I was half hypnotized without knowing it, and only the grating of my fingers on the beach sand snapped the spell.

"We stood up then and looked at each other. Drops of water fell from her body like fragments of light, and for an instant it seemed to me that there had been nothing whatever prior to this moment, that we had swum up out of some infinite reservoir of being until we stranded on the shore of the world. It is impossible to describe such an experience in the vocabulary of psychology, or any other, for that matter. It simply was. We stood there looking at each other, half smiling, not conscious of things but of everything fused into one universal sensation which vibrated in me to the tune of our swimming."

But for the most part, he relies on endless passages of dialogue, on delaying tactics of introspection. The protagonist never does anything until he has thought and thought and thought about the appropriate actions.

"It should have occurred to me that, even in despair, Julian would be a hard man to fool and that Mrs. Walters must have shown him evidence of something more important than occasional flashes of telepathy. If I had thought about that for a while, tried to imagine what she had been able to do which would interest him, I might have caught a glimpse of what was likely to happen. Instead, the problem presented itself to me in a completely irrelevant light -- the question of what I ought to do about Julian.

"The answer was certainly not obvious. I mulled it over in my mind for a good while, but in the end came back to the only real idea I had, which was to wait a while, see more plainly what was going on, and try to persuade Julian to let me examine his work. Once I reached that point I counted on being able to see the flaw in it -- the reason why it wouldn't do what he claimed. I never doubted that such a flaw existed. Perhaps I might be able to break him of this delusion at once, but if not, the entering wedge would have been driven. He had suggested that he'd achieved some partial success. (How partial they both were, I thought -- Julian with his invention, Mrs. Walters with her contact in the 'other' world.) Very well, then. I would persuade Julian to demonstrate to me how far he had got. He would have to talk to me as one scientist to another. That in itself would help. He would be reminded of his own innate standards and see that he was being false to them.

"The plan was naïve, of course. I see that now. But it might have worked. Even now I can't say positively that it wouldn't have done what I hoped. But there was never an opportunity to test it. And when Julian unwittingly gave us a demonstration what he had accomplished, I did not know it for what it was."

Not since my last broken attempt to read something by Stephen King have I suffered through a book so tediously determined to pad things out, to repeat information needlessly, to delay gratification, to dispel urgency, and to break any mood of tension with pointless digressions. As the book neared its climax, I hoped that its pacing and focus would improve, but no such luck.

Endless introspection!

"In the end I had to give up the effort to discover what I thought was wrong. There were too many possibilities and nothing probable. The accident, when I thought about it, did not seem to explain the feeling wholly, though I admitted to myself that when I had seen Mrs. Marcy lying in that unnatural way at the foot of the stairs I had thought for one instant, 'Now it's happened.' But that was obviously meaningless. As it turned out, nothing had happened. And equally, if the accident had been important in some way, I could not see why or to whom -- except Mrs. Marcy -- it was important. What the 'it' was that had happened I did not understand, though I assigned it to the feeling of imminence which had come over me earlier in the afternoon. That, in turn, was unquestionably caused by the approach of the thunderstorm. Still, the lightning and thunder, and most of the rain, had long ago swept away to the northeast and it seemed to me that the air was as charged with suspense as ever. Suspense, I reminded myself, is a purely subjective matter. There was no way of telling whether the way I felt had any external foundation or not."

Endless irrelevance!

"The rain was still falling, but not in gusts and torrents. It looked as though it might stop in half an hour or so, but it was still coming down fast enough to make me sprint for the battered Ford sedan in which Anne was sitting. Maine mud and dust were plastered all over it, but the motor sounded smooth under the hood. Even before my door was closed Anne was wrenching the car around and stepping it up from gear to gear. As we straightened out into the road the machine slewed sickeningly and I perceived that this was going to be quite a ride. The storm had soaked the loose top dirt of the track and turned it into a slimy lubricant between our wheels and the underlying hardpan. We skidded at every rut.

"'How about chains?'

"Anne didn't take her eyes off the road, but she grinned. 'Haven’t any, Dick. Don't worry.' We struck a pothole. When the car was back on an even keel she said, 'Do you think we ought to stop off at Marcy's anyhow? It'll be a mile, and ten minutes out of our way if the phone isn’t working.'

"'No,' I answered. 'I guess Mrs. Walters is right about that. We won't save much time even if the phone is working and it seems to me like a poor gamble.'

"'Probably.' She avoided a crater full of brown water and wrestled the car back across the slimy surface of the road. 'Seth Marcy's nobody's pet, anyhow. I've only seen him a couple or times, but he's the kind of man who doesn't open his mouth unless he has something unpleasant to say. I feel sorry for Elora.'

"'We'll forget him, then, till we get a doctor. After that we can go to his house and tell him.'

"We went on, not exactly racing but making incredible speed for the condition of the road. Anne handled the car with a magnificent blend of daring and judgment; I thought we weren't going to make the bridge at the turn by the creek, but we got across it by a hair, and when we hit the road along the far bank of the bay the going was better. Even with the chances Anne took, I did not feel nervous about her driving. There was competence in the way her hands were resting on the wheel, in the way she sat behind it, alert but not tense. It was, indeed, strangely pleasant, that ride. We were in a private world of our own, with rain on our roof and streaking down the windows, shutting us in together. I liked it. For a mile or so I forgot our errand, forgot the bleak house behind us, and thought of nothing except that this fortuitous intimacy was different from anything that had ever happened to me before.

"After twenty minutes or perhaps a little longer, the unlovely center of Barsham Harbor was flashing past our windows. I have often wished since that I had looked at my watch more frequently that day, but it was still in the side pocket of my coat, where I had put it when we went swimming, and I remembered it only as we pulled into town. It was ten minutes after four then and the light was already beginning to fade, thanks to the clouds and the rain.

"Our luck seemed to be out from the moment we hit the town. There were, it appeared, three doctors in Barsham Harbor. Dr. Peters was out on a call. Dr. Solomon, whom we tried next, had gone to Bath and was not expected back for several hours. The third and last was Dr. Rambouillet. His house was beyond the Catholic church on the other side of the railroad tracks and his small shingle looked inauspiciously new. But he was at home.

"'Dr. Peters is the Marcy family doctor,' he said to us when we told him our errand. 'I think you'd better get him. The people here...' he shrugged with the Latinity of the French Canadian.

"'He's out on a call,' I said. 'This is an emergency.'

"With no more demur he picked up his bag and got into the car. 'All right, but don't say I didn't warn you.' The teeth under his narrow black mustache were startling when he smiled. He couldn't have been over twenty-eight. 'I'll do what I can,' he declared, 'and then turn the case over to Dr. Peters. You see,' and he smiled again disarmingly, 'the people of Barsham Harbor either do want a French Canadian doctor or they don't. We keep to our own sides of the fence. Or perhaps I ought to say, of the tracks. You understand?'

"'Yes,' I said, 'and sympathize... What was your school, Doctor?'

"'McGill. And the ink is quite dry on the diploma.'

"I laughed. Anne was too busy driving to pay much attention to what we were saying. The day was drawing in and she switched on the lights when we turned right at the bridge. I watched the road slither and dance under our wheels. The thought went through my head that it was impossible I had got off the State of Maine express only that morning. This day had been going on for half a lifetime already. I was tired and sleepy. The thing to do would be to get to bed as soon after supper as was decently possible."

I quote at length to give you some idea of just how painfully dull this book turned out to be.

As for the concept behind the story: so what? Who cares? The idea had potential, but Sloane was too determined to keep it out of sight and at arm's length, too hell-bent on padding his idea with pounds of irrelevancy, until I wanted nothing more than for the book to die.

Only one thing forced me to read to the end: my debt to William Sloane for THE CRAFT OF WRITING. Anyone else would have driven me out of this book within twenty pages.


Oddly enough, in 1941, THE EDGE OF RUNNING WATER was filmed. Like the book that inspired it, THE DEVIL COMMANDS is dull, with an abrupt and unremarkable ending, but unlike the book, it shows hints of competence. The acting is not bad. The cinematography and lighting are often atmospheric, with darkness and shadows that could easily compare with Hollywood "noir" films from later that decade.

Yet on the whole, the film is remembered for two good reasons: for the performance of Boris Karloff, who moves convincingly from likeable scientific genius to sullen, broken widower, and for the machine that he builds in a secret laboratory.

This machine appears in the book, but the film adds a few macabre details that take it far beyond Sloane's conception. It becomes bizarre enough, and unsettling enough, to stick in the mind long after the film has ended. I will most likely never watch the film again from start to finish, but I will certainly go back to that eerie machine.

Can I recommend the book? No. Can I recommend the film? With certain reservations, yes. At the very least, the film will chew up less of your time, and cause less cranial damage to your walls.

Thursday, February 13, 2025

Something Odd: a Sentimental Science Fiction Story by James Tiptree, Jr

To call a story "sentimental" can be a valid reaction while remaining invalid as criticism. It says nothing about the merits of a story's craft; it can only describe the subjective impact on one reader. And so, when I reject "With Delicate Mad Hands," by James Tiptree Jr (Alice Bradley Sheldon) as a "sentimental" story, I keep in mind that this reaction is personal, and that it says more about me than it does about the story itself.

What I mean by "sentimental" is that the story tries to provoke an emotional response without earning it. Where this attempt falls apart is in the story's presentation of a character who kills twice in cold blood, and yet is apparently expected to remain sympathetic. This could have been achieved had the killings been justified by the story, but while I suppose that one of the murders could be considered "appropriate," the other is committed for nothing more than personal gain. Neither death has much impact on the character's thoughts or moods.

As a method in contrast, I think of SILENT RUNNING. The protagonist of that film considered his murders justified, yet he not only felt remorse afterwards, he suffered a mental breakdown. The film remained "on his side" while never forgetting that murders are terrible, and come with psychological costs. This point is overlooked completely in "With Delicate Mad Hands." Even if Tiptree calls her protagonist "insane," this mental state offers neither personal awareness of her actions, nor any sense that she has done something wrong.

This makes the Love Love Love ending of the story hard for me to chew. Even without a murderous, insane protagonist, that ending would have seemed unearned to me, but with her, it seems downright perverse. Even more, it seems unhuman.

I have noticed this bizarre tone in many science fiction stories: an emotional imbalance, an almost split-personality dissonance, in aspects of human behaviour and in the apparent expectations of response to this behaviour. Assumptions about people and about things done by people are presented as if they were not unusual, as if they would not be questioned as "abnormal" by most readers.

It makes me wonder about the mental states, not of the characters in stories, but of the writers. Am I leaping to conclusions? Am I being unfair?

I have to wonder. In many stories, the bizarre mental states of the characters are presented as clearly unusual, as clearly the point, and the writers appear willing to trust a reader's down-to-Earth experience and perceptions, but in certain science fiction stories, the writers appear to be (and I emphasize, appear to be) unaware of just how strange the characters are in thoughts and behaviour. The issue goes beyond the strangeness we might expect from alien minds or from future human beings; in such cases, the strangeness was intended, a matter of "What if?" But here, I can find little justification for it. Something seems amiss....

Sunday, February 2, 2025

Ian McEwan, THE CEMENT GARDEN (1978)

Click for a better jpeg.

For all that I respect auctorial control of a story's material, I recognize that control can be squeezed too severely, until tonal and stylistic restraint can seem a lack of conviction.

This trap engulfs THE CEMENT GARDEN, which, in outline, implies a macabre tale of psychological collapse, but which becomes, from one page to the next, a polite refusal to stare at the emotional scars of its concept.

What he have, here, is the story of children suddenly confronted by the death of parents. McEwan keeps the emotional impact of loss at arm's length:

When Sue came in and Julie told her the news, both girls burst into tears and embraced each other. [...] I watched my sisters crying; I sensed it would seem hostile to look elsewhere. I felt excluded but I did not wish to appear so. At one point I placed my hand on Sue's shoulder, the way Julie had on mine, but neither of them noticed me, any more than wrestlers in a clinch would, so I removed it. Through their crying Julie and Sue were saying unintelligible things, to themselves perhaps or to each other. I wished I could abandon myself like them, but I felt watched. I wanted to go and look at myself in the mirror.

This detachment continues even after the children decide to keep the deaths a secret.

"You mean," I said to Julie, "that we shouldn't tell anybody."

Julie walked off toward the house without replying. I watched her go into the kitchen and splash her face at the sink. She held her head under the cold water tap till her hair was soaked; then she wrung it out and swept it clear of her face. As she walked back toward us, drops of water ran onto her shoulders. She sat down on the rockery and said, "If we don't tell anybody we've got to do something ourselves quickly." Sue was close to tears.

"But what can we do?" she moaned.

Julie was playing it up a bit. She said very quietly, "Bury her, of course." For all her terseness, her voice still shook.

"Yes," I said, thrilling with horror, "we can have a private funeral, Sue." My younger sister was now weeping steadily, and Julie had her arm round her shoulder. She looked at me coldly over Sue's head. I was suddenly irritated with them both. I got up and walked round to the front of the house to see what Tom was up to.

He was sitting with another boy in the pile of yellow sand by the front gate. They were digging a complicated system of fist-sized tunnels.

"He says," said Tom's friend derisively, squinting up at me, "he says, he says his mum's just died and it's not true."

"It is true," I told him. "She's my mum too, and she's just died."

"Ner-ner, told ya, ner-ner," Tom sneered and plunged his wrists deep into the sand.

His friend thought for a moment. "Well, my mum's not dead."

"Don't care," said Tom, working away at his tunnel.

"My mum's not dead," the boy repeated to me.

"So what?" I said.

"Because she isn't," the boy yelled. "She isn't." I composed my face and knelt down by them in the sand. I placed my hand sympathetically on the shoulder of Tom's friend.

"I'll tell you something," I said quietly, "I've just come from your house. Your dad told me. Your mum's dead. She came out looking for you and a car run her over."

"Ner-ner, your mum's dead," Tom crowed.

"She isn't," the boy said to himself.

"I'm telling you," I hissed at him, "I've just come from your house. Your dad's pretty upset, and he's really angry with you. Your mum got run over because she was looking for you." The boy stood up. The color had drained from his face. "I wouldn't go home if I was you," I continued, "your dad'll be after you." The boy ran off, up our garden path to the front door. Then he remembered, turned round and ran back. As he passed us he was beginning to blubber.

"Where you going?" Tom shouted after him, but his friend shook his head and kept on running.

From beginning to end, McEwan retains a calm, frozen tone. As I read this book, I hoped to find startling metaphors, unexpected turns of phrase, anything that might shatter the mild facade of this detached narrative, but nothing emerged to unsettle me. The story's events are potentially disturbing, but what I felt, instead, was a writer's unwillingess to acknowledge, to confront, the horrors that he watches through the wrong end of a telescope.

THE CEMENT GARDEN represents a blandly middle-class approach to horror. I would have welcomed some aristocratic intensity or poetry of style, some working-class emotional engagement. I would have welcomed a sense of personal risk, both for the characters and for the writer. What I received, instead, was lukewarm competence -- a competence undeniably consistent, but all-too gentle.


You could argue that my perspective, here, is invalid, because THE CEMENT GARDEN was neither "marketed" nor labelled as horror, and I could see your point.

But the story and its details presented in this book are clearly meant to be horrific, clearly meant to evoke a visceral response, in much the same way that details in THE TIN DRUM, by Günter Grass, or in the war stories of Isaac Babel, are meant to hit the reader hard. The difference is that Grass and Babel seem imaginatively and emotionally engaged with these details in ways that McEwan is not. McEwan seems to stand back as far away as he can from his own story and its disturbing implications.

This, in my view, represents a lost opportunity.

Sunday, January 5, 2025

William Sansom and One of His Best: "A Wedding"

William Sansom, "A Wedding." From The Passionate North, The Hogarth Press, London, 1950.

This is not only one of my favourite stories, it also reveals how a frame can be used to broaden our perspective on what might seem, at first glance, a small, isolated event, and to allow for a narrator who tells the tale without understanding what it means.

Sansom loads the weight of his frame onto the final sentence, but not on a twist ending. A twist can be useful in the middle of a story, when space remains to explore the implications of the twist; it can be fatal at the story's end, where it often seems more of a gimmick than a thoughtful resolution. Sansom avoids any twist, but offers, instead, one final, unexpected detail, the meaning of which the narrator has never grasped.

In his usual style, Sansom presents keen visual impressions to make his writing live. Given the story's brevity, there is no room for any detailed exploration of character (and none is needed, in this context), but the setting, and the actions within, are vividly conveyed:

"At last the door swung open, two men swathed in greatcoats came out carrying torches high. There followed the others: and last of all came the new husband and his bride.

"She seemed to lean on his arm. Perhaps as though she had almost fainted ? It was difficult in that light, the light of moon and torches, for the janitor to be sure of what he saw. Or perhaps that strange young man held her imprisoned by his own strong arm? So many dark figures moving there in the snow! So much whispering, such stamping, such a muffling of bunched furs! And now they had all moved over to a part of open ground away from the church, a place where tombstones lurched in the snow. There they stood and pointed to the ground -- they seemed to be discussing the place for a grave. Only the bride’s face was averted, she stood a frailer figure than the others, turning herself away from what they were most plainly trying to show her....

"In a few minutes all were gone. The silence of the snows again descended. The bell had ceased tolling, the lights in the church had been extinguished. Nothing stirred. Only the dark blue moonlight fell widely everywhere, sparkling a tinsel from iced birch-branches, bringing a great stillness to the black fir-clumps grouped like figures conferring against the white."

Still and cryptic, the winter landscape is a perfect setting for terrible events. William Sansom was a master of terrible events; in a "Wedding," he also became a master of the eerie final sentence.